Posted by: zanshin, 2009-06-18 05:21

Story

The (Geo)Politics of Emotion - Cultures of Hope

NCrissieB, 2009-06-17 (Wednesday), Daily Kos
When it comes to political problems and results, how important is the general emotional climate? How do hope, humiliation, or fear shape our perceptions of challenges, our approach to solutions, and our outcomes? Dominique Möisi examines that question in The Geopolitics of Emotion, and this week Morning Feature will explore both Dr. Möisi's thesis in international relations, and how his thesis may apply in domestic politics as well.

What characterizes a culture of hope, and how does that climate affect political behavior?

~~

In his 1993 essay and 1996 book The Clash of Civilizations, Samuel Huntington mapped a world of civilizations divided by cultures based largely on religion and nationality, and forecast that the 21st century would be dominated by dominance struggles between these civilizations. Neoconservatism jumped on Huntington's thesis as a basis for aggressive U.S. action in preserving and extending "Western" civilization.

Dominique Möisi challenges that thesis and world map in his new book The Geopolitics of Emotion. He suggests the world is divided less along lines of "civilizations" than between cultures of emotion that may encompass nations and cultures with little else in common. Dr. Möisi offers three driving emotions in geopolitics - hope, humiliation, and fear. He offers these definitions (at p.5):

Hope - This is "an expression of confidence; it is based on the conviction that today is better than yesterday and tomorrow will be better than today. ... 'I want to do it, I can do it, and I will do it.'"
Humiliation - This is "the injured confidence of those who have lost hope in the future. ... When the contrast between your idealized and glorious past and your frustrating present is too great, humiliation prevails. ... 'I can never do it ... I might as well try to destroy you since I cannot join you.'"
Fear - This is "the absence of confidence. If your life is dominated by fear, you are apprehensive about the present and expect the future to become ever more dangerous. ... '[T]he world has become such a dangerous place; how can I be protected from it?'"
Dr. Möisi suggests that the dominant emotion in a culture is most apparent and important in how that people interact with the Other, and that "In the age of globalization, the relationship with the Other has become more fundamental than ever." (p.20) Broadly speaking, cultures of hope are more likely to work with the Other, cultures of humiliation more likely to lash out at the Other, and cultures of fear more likely to isolate themselves from the Other.

While he develops his thesis only in international terms, I'll explore whether and how his thesis applies in domestic politics as well.

The Cultures of Hope - China and India

Dr. Möisi begins by expanding his definition of hope, to clarify that he refers to the secular and not the spiritual sense of the word. "Hope is trust in one's identity, in one's ability to interact positively with the world." (p.30) He finds this culture of hope most evident in the world's two largest nations and two of the fastest-growing economies, China and India. He finds this hope manifest in their new architecture of soaring skylines, in their robust economic energy, in their willingness to trade and engage both with traditional partners and in developing regions like Africa and Latin America, and in their domestic dialogue.

However, Dr. Möisi also notes that the hopes and challenges of China and India are quite different. For me, the difference in hopes is captured in two phrases - "China has returned," and "India has emerged" - because their histories are stark contrasts. China has been a united nation for centuries, while only 70 years ago Winston Churchill remarked that India was "merely a geographical expression. It is no more a country than the Equator." The failure of Sir Stafford Cripps mission in 1942 seemed to prove Churchill's thesis, but the decades since suggest that Indians now have a diverse but common national identity.

The difference in challenges is a bit more complex. China is an authoritarian state still trying to prove she can achieve Western-style prosperity and be respected in the global community, without having to embrace Western-style democracy and values. India is a "messy democracy" still trying to prove that her economic vibrancy can lift up her poorest citizens and transcend her cultural diversity. Both sets of challenges are exacerbated by concerns about our global climate - responses to which may inhibit their growth - and by the present global economic crisis. But Dr. Möisi notes that hope is itself an important asset, as it makes a people more resilient in the face of challenges, and more open to finding positive solutions rather than falling into cynicism or despair.

While the culture of hope is shared elsewhere in Asia, Dr. Möisi notes its absence in the region's other largest power: Japan. Japan is, he suggests, a nation caught between East and West. Asians don't consider her part of Asia, but neither do Westerners consider her part of the West. For much of the post-war era, Japan could be likened as a ferry between East and West. But with broadening political and economic ties - a direct bridge - the ferry is no longer as useful. Dr. Möisi sees Japan as culturally nearer the West: a people who perceive their opportunities and influence in decline, a culture of fear rather than of hope.

Cultures of Hope in the U.S.

President Obama certainly ran on a campaign of hope, and on the surface his victory would suggest hope is emerging as the dominant emotion in the U.S. I see evidence of a culture of hope among some Democrats, though both economic anxiety and dissatisfaction with some of President Obama's policies may be eroding that hope quickly. President Obama's continued willingness to "work with the Other" - bipartisanship - would suggest his administration has a culture of hope. And the reasonable criticism of that approach from many progressives would suggest we're not as hopeful, and are nearer the culture of fear that Dr. Möisi suggests typifies the U.S. and Europe. (More on that Friday.) Which of those emotions emerges as dominant, in our party, our movement, and our nation, may drastically shape whether and how well we meet our challenges.

© Kos Media, LLC

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Africa,   Asia,   China,   Churchill,   Clash Of Civilizations,   democracy,   Democrats,   diversity,   Energy,   Europe,   Geopolitics,   Globalization,   India,   Japan,   Obama,   Politics,   religion,   Samuel Huntington,   Secular,   USA,  

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2007-03-14The Geopolitics of Energy: Speech given at the IP Week, 2007
2007-03-14Review of Current Trends in U.S. Foreign Policy
2007-03-17Hong Kong, Singapore economies freest
2006-05-01Dissenting on Atomic Deal With India
2006-05-01Tyranny and Terror
2006-09-12The Nation That Fell to Earth
2006-09-09The End of Eden
2006-09-09Cost of water shortage: civil unrest, mass migration and economic collapse
2006-10-25US: world empire of chaos
2006-10-27Self-Determination of Nations and Self-Defense
2006-10-31''Venezuela Moves to Nationalize its Oil Industry''
2006-11-07TURKEY AND THE AZERBAIJANI OIL CONTROVERSIES: LOOKING FOR A LIGHT AT THE END OF THE PIPELINE
2006-11-07Forget Asia's Stats -- It's All About Politics: William Pesek
2006-11-05Empire Falls
2006-11-02Transcript: Illinois Senate Candidate Barack Obama -- "The Audacity of Hope"
2006-10-03The new Dutch model? -- Living with Islam
2006-10-07Ayatollah al-Sistani and the end of Islam
2006-10-10Russia Seeks Greater Economic Influence in Europe
2006-10-10World Conquest : The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder
2006-10-13The Clash of Ignorance
2006-10-17How Globalization Drives Down Western Wages
2006-11-26China's Economic Brawn Unsettles Japanese
2006-11-29Islamic Revolution
2006-11-19Bolivia's Leader Solidifies Region's Leftward Tilt
2007-08-27Iran risks attack over atomic push, French president says
2007-09-07Understanding the U.S.-Israel Alliance: An Israeli Response to the Walt-Mearsheimer Claim
2007-08-19Letter of Resignation from the Jewish People
2007-08-20A False Choice in Pakistan
2007-08-20The Politics of God
2007-08-08The Global War on Terrorism -- The First 100 Days